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Õ.Õ>ÕEÕ0aÕ’Õ0«Õ6ÜÕ'Ö;ÖQÖ pÖ}ÖKÖ>ÛÖ×0×F× Y× f× s×}×œ×´× Ê×A××Ø Ø6Ø IØVØ lØ&yØ Ø*µØ$àØÙEÙ dÙqÙ%Ù"³ÙKÖÙ="Ú.`Ú;Ú5ËÚ*Û',Û[TÛ%°Û ÖÛãÛ1üÛ .Ü“;ÜÏÜèÜïÜÝ?!Ý!aÝ1ƒÝµÝ,ÔÝ?ÞAÞPÃÞWß0lß/ß)Íß@÷ß28àqkà—ÝàuáGˆá6Ðá9â4Aâ-vâ…¤âR*ã }ã#Šã®ãÄãâã3øã±æè%!3¦RñÁÃ~ÀÎÙ•yª®sý&(Çð,Š}öÐ1ÄÒNÝöDÞ39Û´g+„í&‡$Ë ã ÆiFŸ‰2ã›'ø7ê>ÏêAj"“@Èë) ¾ù‚nhPúÛ7õJ ƒ¹kÒ\IuëµÄç,¥|'­f¥K6žÜ¨ÊÎô:(q.%ÕY=^m\5ªéGø²™CwÌZy1R¢T½É$  OÊ༠ÂÅÔ·™Øpo‹eo)Ñ h’Ãt*/r£V«QVpL‘D[æFWÖgݲ©ïA‰<û6XßQ… {¡Y `¨®i ìMdÞ8JO–­‹>lŠ¬Ï00z¶SÔîñÍ–xŸ ‘¯v§¿f8”;Ó9ü½ÈC¼ tMUõž}Hô¸œÉXš‡j«„×4sîZÕ|GòcwºE €윿 °U°]§÷¸#¦ü?úWšÁ-ÚŽe¶Ñ`d÷þPùK+ýÿ.a£Ìòç´^râNºˆƒ»ˆ[ ŒI¹bEåqÓ@’ÿÖkHó›L?];”à Ë-:~lBŒåT¬—³Â†óv‚á“䆗=<m د ÆS_Ž³x#{áÐ_ð4•€©±¤˜Üuïín˜þB5Ç¢â×!…ä*µ»û/¡èéßÚÍ2¤Åc"zaÀ·¾Ùb -B, --binary use binary writes to the console device. -b, --binary read files in binary mode (default on DOS/Windows) -c, --check check %s sums against given list -t, --text read files in text mode (default) INTEGER copy up to but not including specified line number /REGEXP/[OFFSET] copy up to but not including a matching line %REGEXP%[OFFSET] skip to, but not including a matching line {INTEGER} repeat the previous pattern specified number of times {*} repeat the previous pattern as many times as possible A line OFFSET is a required `+' or `-' followed by a positive integer. a number all lines t number only nonempty lines n number no lines pREGEXP number only lines that contain a match for REGEXP FORMAT is one of: ln left justified, no leading zeros rn right justified, no leading zeros rz right justified, leading zeros -T implied by -l nn when nn <= 10 or <= 3 with -F. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. A field is a run of whitespace, then non-whitespace characters. Fields are skipped before chars. As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing, regular file. By default, color is not used to distinguish types of files. That is equivalent to using --color=none. Using the --color option without the optional WHEN argument is equivalent to using --color=always. With --color=auto, color codes are output only if standard output is connected to a terminal (tty). By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC are two delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missing second character implies :. Type \\ for \. STYLE is one of: By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes. Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files. Delete FILE(s) if --remove (-u) is specified. The default is not to remove the files because it is common to operate on device files like /dev/hda, and those files usually should not be removed. When operating on regular files, most people use the --remove option. Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxXstugo. For older syntax (second call format), OFFSET means -j OFFSET. LABEL is the pseudo-address at first byte printed, incremented when dump is progressing. For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal, suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512. TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications: a named character c ASCII character or backslash escape If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which file types and extensions. Otherwise, a precompiled database is used. For details on the format of these files, run `dircolors --print-database'. Note that if you use rm to remove a file, it is usually possible to recover the contents of that file. If you want more assurance that the contents are truly unrecoverable, consider using shred. Note that the -d and -t options accept different time-date formats. Owner is unchanged if missing. Group is unchanged if missing, but changed to login group if implied by a `:'. OWNER and GROUP may be numeric as well as symbolic. POS is F[.C][OPTS], where F is the field number and C the character position in the field. OPTS is one or more single-letter ordering options, which override global ordering options for that key. If no key is given, use the entire line as the key. SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: RADIX is d for decimal, o for octal, x for hexadecimal or n for none. BYTES is hexadecimal with 0x or 0X prefix, it is multiplied by 512 with b suffix, by 1024 with k and by 1048576 with m. Adding a z suffix to any type adds a display of printable characters to the end of each line of output. Read standard input if FILE is -. Each PATTERN may be: Report bugs to <%s>. SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves. Interpreted sequences are: \NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits) \\ backslash \a audible BEL \b backspace \f form feed \n new line \r return \t horizontal tab SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double). SIZE may have a multiplier suffix: b for 512, k for 1K, m for 1 Meg. The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values: The sums are computed as described in %s. When checking, the input should be a former output of this program. The default mode is to print a line with checksum, a character indicating type (`*' for binary, ` ' for text), and name for each FILE. To remove a file whose name starts with a `-', for example `-foo', use one of these commands: %s -- -foo %s ./-foo Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate: -a same as -t a, select named characters -b same as -t oC, select octal bytes -c same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes -d same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal shorts Translation occurs if -d is not given and both SET1 and SET2 appear. -t may be used only when translating. SET2 is extended to length of SET1 by repeating its last character as necessary. Use one, and only one of -b, -c or -f. Each LIST is made up of one range, or many ranges separated by commas. Each range is one of: N N'th byte, character or field, counted from 1 N- from N'th byte, character or field, to end of line N-M from N'th to M'th (included) byte, character or field -M from first to M'th (included) byte, character or field With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. With no FILE or if FILE is -, read Standard Input. `-F /' by default. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument, concatenate them in the listed order to form the input. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. separate columns by STRING, without -S: Default separator with -J and otherwise (same as -S" "), no effect on column options -t, --omit-header omit page headers and trailers --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file -b like --backup but does not accept an argument -c (ignored) -d, --directory treat all arguments as directory names; create all components of the specified directories --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks -B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~ -c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information) with -l: show ctime and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime --from=CURRENT_OWNER:CURRENT_GROUP change the owner and/or group of each file only if its current owner and/or group match those specified here. Either may be omitted, in which case a match is not required for the omitted attribute. --help display this help and exit --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), classify (-F), file-type (-p) -i, --inode print index number of each file -I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN -k like --block-size=1K --no-dereference never follow symbolic links -f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be opened, remove it and try again -i, --interactive prompt before overwrite -H follow command-line symbolic links --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes --parents append source path to DIRECTORY -P same as `--no-dereference' --reply={yes,no,query} specify how to handle the prompt about an existing destination file --sparse=WHEN control creation of sparse files --strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument --reply={yes,no,query} specify how to handle the prompt about an existing destination file --strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix --retry keep trying to open a file even if it is inaccessible when tail starts or if it becomes inaccessible later -- useful only with -f -c, --bytes=N output the last N bytes --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY -u, --update move only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing -v, --verbose explain what is being done --time-style=STYLE show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale -t sort by modification time -T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8 --verbose print a diagnostic to standard error just before each output file is opened --version output version information and exit Size Used Avail Use%% Inodes IUsed IFree IUse%% Size Used Avail Use%% -A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed -j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first -D create all leading components of DEST except the last, then copy SOURCE to DEST; useful in the 1st format -g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group -m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x -o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only) -D, --all-repeated[=delimit-method] print all duplicate lines delimit-method={none(default),prepend,separate} Delimiting is done with blank lines. -f, --skip-fields=N avoid comparing the first N fields -i, --ignore-case ignore differences in case when comparing -s, --skip-chars=N avoid comparing the first N characters -u, --unique only print unique lines -D, --date-format=FORMAT use FORMAT for the header date -e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]] expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8) -F, -f, --form-feed use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages (by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header and trailer without -F) -L, --max-line-length print the length of the longest line -w, --words print the word counts -N, --read-bytes=BYTES limit dump to BYTES input bytes -s, --strings[=BYTES] output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars -t, --format=TYPE select output format or formats -v, --output-duplicates do not use * to mark line suppression -w, --width[=BYTES] output BYTES bytes per output line --traditional accept arguments in traditional form -P, --portability use the POSIX output format --sync invoke sync before getting usage info -t, --type=TYPE limit listing to filesystems of type TYPE -T, --print-type print filesystem type -x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to filesystems not of type TYPE -v (ignored) -R, -r, --recursive copy directories recursively --remove-destination remove each existing destination file before attempting to open it (contrast with --force) -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix --target-directory=DIRECTORY specify the DIRECTORY in which to create the links -v, --verbose print name of each file before linking -SSTRING, --sep-string[=STRING] -T, --omit-pagination omit page headers and trailers, eliminate any pagination by form feeds set in input files -v, --show-nonprinting use octal backslash notation -w PAGE_WIDTH, --width=PAGE_WIDTH set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters for multiple text-column output only, -s[char] turns off (72) -W PAGE_WIDTH, --page-width=PAGE_WIDTH set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters always, truncate lines, except -J option is set, no interference with -S or -s -a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together with -COLUMN -c, --show-control-chars use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation -d, --double-space double space the output -a, --all do not hide entries starting with . -A, --almost-all do not list implied . and .. --author print the author of each file -b, --escape print octal escapes for nongraphic characters -a, --all include filesystems having 0 blocks -B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks -h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G) -H, --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024 -a, --archive same as -dpR --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file -b like --backup but does not accept an argument --copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive -d same as --no-dereference --preserve=link -b, --before attach the separator before instead of after -r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression -s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline -b, --body-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering body lines -d, --section-delimiter=CC use CC for separating logical pages -f, --footer-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering footer lines -b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns -s, --spaces break at spaces -w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns instead of 80 -b, --bytes=LIST output only these bytes -c, --characters=LIST output only these characters -d, --delimiter=DELIM use DELIM instead of TAB for field delimiter -b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks -d, --dictionary-order consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters -f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case characters -c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences -d, --repeated only print duplicate lines -c, --crown-margin preserve indentation of first two lines -p, --prefix=STRING combine only lines having STRING as prefix -s, --split-only split long lines, but do not refill -d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs -s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel -f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst -F, --classify append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries --format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C --full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso -f same as -t fF, select floats -h same as -t x2, select hexadecimal shorts -i same as -t d2, select decimal shorts -l same as -t d4, select decimal longs -o same as -t o2, select octal shorts -x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal shorts -f, --fields=LIST output only these fields; also print any line that contains no delimiter character, unless the -s option is specified -n (ignored) -f, --follow[={name|descriptor}] output appended data as the file grows; -f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are equivalent -F same as --follow=name --retry -f, --force change permissions to allow writing if necessary -n, --iterations=N Overwrite N times instead of the default (%d) -s, --size=N shred this many bytes (suffixes like K, M, G accepted) -g, --general-numeric-sort compare according to general numerical value -i, --ignore-nonprinting consider only printable characters -M, --month-sort compare (unknown) < `JAN' < ... < `DEC' -n, --numeric-sort compare according to string numerical value -r, --reverse reverse the result of comparisons -h HEADER, --header=HEADER use a centered HEADER instead of filename in page header, -h "" prints a blank line, don't use -h"" -i[CHAR[WIDTH]], --output-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]] replace spaces with CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8) -J, --join-lines merge full lines, turns off -W line truncation, no column alignment, --sep-string[=STRING] sets separators -h, --header-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering header lines -i, --page-increment=NUMBER line number increment at each line -l, --join-blank-lines=NUMBER group of NUMBER empty lines counted as one -n, --number-format=FORMAT insert line numbers according to FORMAT -p, --no-renumber do not reset line numbers at logical pages -s, --number-separator=STRING add STRING after (possible) line number -i, --initial do not convert TABs after non whitespace -t, --tabs=NUMBER have tabs NUMBER characters apart, not 8 -i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage -k like --block-size=1K -l, --local limit listing to local filesystems --no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default) -l use a long listing format -L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself -m fill width with a comma separated list of entries -l PAGE_LENGTH, --length=PAGE_LENGTH set the page length to PAGE_LENGTH (66) lines (default number of lines of text 56, and with -F 63) -m, --merge print all files in parallel, one in each column, truncate lines, but join lines of full length with -J -l, --link link files instead of copying -L, --dereference always follow symbolic links -p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps --preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default: mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible additional attributes: links, all -m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), not a=rw - umask -m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask -p, --parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed -v, --verbose print a message for each created directory -n, --digits=DIGITS use specified number of digits instead of 2 -s, --quiet, --silent do not print counts of output file sizes -z, --elide-empty-files remove empty output files -n, --lines=N output the last N lines, instead of the last %d --max-unchanged-stats=N with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not changed size after N (default %d) iterations to see if it has been unlinked or renamed (this is the usual case of rotated log files) -n, --no-dereference treat destination that is a symlink to a directory as if it were a normal file -i, --interactive prompt whether to remove destinations -s, --symbolic make symbolic links instead of hard links -n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric UIDs and GIDs -N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters specially) -o like -l, but do not list group information -p, --file-type append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries -n[SEP[DIGITS]], --number-lines[=SEP[DIGITS]] number lines, use DIGITS (5) digits, then SEP (TAB), default counting starts with 1st line of input file -N NUMBER, --first-line-number=NUMBER start counting with NUMBER at 1st line of first page printed (see +FIRST_PAGE) -o MARGIN, --indent=MARGIN offset each line with MARGIN (zero) spaces, do not affect -w or -W, MARGIN will be added to PAGE_WIDTH -r, --no-file-warnings omit warning when a file cannot be opened -p, --parents remove DIRECTORY, then try to remove each directory component of that path name. E.g., `rmdir -p a/b/c' is similar to `rmdir a/b/c a/b a'. -v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every directory processed -p, --preserve-timestamps apply access/modification times of SOURCE files to corresponding destination files -s, --strip strip symbol tables, only for 1st and 2nd formats -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix -v, --verbose print the name of each directory as it is created -q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters --show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal) -Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes --quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape -q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names -v, --verbose always print headers giving file names -r, --reference=FILE use this file's times instead of current time -t STAMP use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time --time=WORD set time given by WORD: access atime use (same as -a) modify mtime (same as -m) -r, --reverse reverse order while sorting -R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively -s, --size print size of each file, in blocks -s, --only-delimited do not print lines not containing delimiters --output-delimiter=STRING use STRING as the output delimiter the default is to use the input delimiter -s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY -s[CHAR],--separator[=CHAR] separate columns by a single character, default for CHAR is the character without -w and 'no char' with -w -s[CHAR] turns off line truncation of all 3 column options (-COLUMN|-a -COLUMN|-m) except -w is set -t equivalent to -vT -T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I -u (ignored) -v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB -t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated list of explicit tab positions -u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time with -l: show access time and sort by name otherwise: sort by access time -U do not sort; list entries in directory order -v sort by version -u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing -v, --verbose explain what is being done -x, --one-file-system stay on this file system -v, --first-page=NUMBER first line number on each logical page -w, --number-width=NUMBER use NUMBER columns for line numbers -w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines -x, --one-file-system skip directories on different filesystems -X FILE, --exclude-from=FILE Exclude files that match any pattern in FILE. --exclude=PATTERN Exclude files that match PATTERN. --max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as --summarize -z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline [:graph:] all printable characters, not including space [:lower:] all lower case letters [:print:] all printable characters, including space [:punct:] all punctuation characters [:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace [:upper:] all upper case letters [:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits [=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR \v vertical tab CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order [CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1 [CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0 [:alnum:] all letters and digits [:alpha:] all letters [:blank:] all horizontal whitespace [:cntrl:] all control characters [:digit:] all digits ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC ibm from ASCII to alternated EBCDIC block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline lcase change upper case to lower case d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin obs=BYTES write BYTES bytes at a time of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout seek=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output skip=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given) numbered, t make numbered backups existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise simple, never always make simple backups notrunc do not truncate the output file ucase change lower case to upper case swab swap every pair of input bytes noerror continue after read errors sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs %4s-blocks Used Available Use%% (backup: %s) Mounted on % 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. *** WARNING *** The locale specified by the environment affects sort order. Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses native byte values. %b %e %H:%M %Y%c: invalid suffix character in obsolescent option%d: fmt="%s" width=%d %s (for regexp `%s')%s -> %s (unbackup) %s and %s are the same file%s changed dev/ino%s exists but is not a directory%s has unknown file type%s is too large%s+%s records in %s+%s records out %s: %lu: improperly formatted %s checksum line%s: %s is so large that it is not representable%s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read %s: File exists%s: `%s': line number out of range%s: `%s': match not found%s: `}' is required in repeat count%s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory%s: cannot follow end of this type of file; giving up on this name%s: cannot remove%s: cannot rewind%s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor%s: count `%.*s' too large%s: equivalence class operand must be a single character%s: file has negative size%s: file too long%s: file truncated%s: hard link not allowed for directory%s: illegal option -- %c %s: input contains a loop:%s: input file is output file%s: invalid PID%s: invalid count at start of `%s'%s: invalid field specification `%s'%s: invalid maximum number of consecutive size changes%s: invalid maximum number of unchanged stats between opens%s: invalid number%s: invalid number of bytes%s: invalid number of lines%s: invalid number of seconds%s: invalid option -- %c %s: invalid pattern%s: invalid regular expression: %s%s: invalid suffix length%s: line number must be greater than zero%s: line number out of range%s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found%s: option `%c%s' doesn't allow an argument %s: option `%s' is ambiguous %s: option `%s' requires an argument %s: option `--%s' doesn't allow an argument %s: option `-W %s' doesn't allow an argument %s: option `-W %s' is ambiguous %s: option requires an argument -- %c %s: overwrite %s, overriding mode %04lo? %s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s%s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%%%s: read error%s: remove %s %s? %s: remove write-protected %s %s? %s: removed%s: removing%s: replace %s? %s: unrecognized option `%c%s' %s: unrecognized option `--%s' %s: warning: making a hard link to a symbolic link is not portable%scannot read table of mounted filesystems%s}: integer required between `{' and `}''* filesystems that cache in temporary locations, such as NFS version 3 clients * compressed filesystems In addition, file system backups and remote mirrors may contain copies of the file that cannot be removed, and that will allow a shredded file to be recovered later. * log-structured or journaled filesystems, such as those supplied with AIX and Solaris (and JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.) * filesystems that write redundant data and carry on even if some writes fail, such as RAID-based filesystems * filesystems that make snapshots, such as Network Appliance's NFS server --string without a number implies 3. --width without a number implies 32. By default, od uses -A o -t d2 -w 16. -s uses SET1 if not translating nor deleting; else squeezing uses SET2 and occurs after translation or deletion. All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options. CAUTION: Note that shred relies on a very important assumption: that the filesystem overwrites data in place. This is the traditional way to do things, but many modern filesystem designs do not satisfy this assumption. The following are examples of filesystems on which shred is not effective: Call the link function to create a link named FILE2 to an existing FILE1. Call the unlink function to remove the specified FILE. Cannot specify both printing across and printing in parallel.Cannot specify number of columns when printing in parallel.Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output. -A, --show-all equivalent to -vET -b, --number-nonblank number nonblank output lines -e equivalent to -vE -E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line -n, --number number all output lines -s, --squeeze-blank never more than one single blank line Convert spaces in each FILE to tabs, writing to standard output. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY. Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the options. bs=BYTES force ibs=BYTES and obs=BYTES cbs=BYTES convert BYTES bytes at a time conv=KEYWORDS convert the file as per the comma separated keyword list count=BLOCKS copy only BLOCKS input blocks ibs=BYTES read BYTES bytes at a time Create a link to the specified TARGET with optional LINK_NAME. If LINK_NAME is omitted, a link with the same basename as the TARGET is created in the current directory. When using the second form with more than one TARGET, the last argument must be a directory; create links in DIRECTORY to each TARGET. Create hard links by default, symbolic links with --symbolic. When creating hard links, each TARGET must exist. Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs. Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist. Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE. Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT (or standard input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output). Display file or filesystem status. -f, --filesystem display filesystem status instead of file status -c --format=FORMAT use the specified FORMAT instead of the default -L, --dereference follow links -t, --terse print the information in terse form Excess characters of SET2 are ignored. Only [:lower:] and [:upper:] are guaranteed to expand in ascending order; used in SET2 while translating, they may only be used in pairs to specify case conversion. FAILEDForce changed blocks to disk, update the super block. In the first two formats, copy SOURCE to DEST or multiple SOURCE(s) to the existing DIRECTORY, while setting permission modes and owner/group. In the third format, create all components of the given DIRECTORY(ies). List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. OKOther options: -c, --check check whether input is sorted; do not sort -k, --key=POS1[,POS2] start a key at POS1, end it at POS 2 (origin 1) -m, --merge merge already sorted files; do not sort -o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output -s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison -S, --buffer-size=SIZE use SIZE for main memory buffer Output a permuted index, including context, of the words in the input files. Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable. Determine format of output: -b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS -c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to set LS_COLORS -p, --print-database output defaults Output file suffixes exhaustedOutput fixed-size pieces of INPUT to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...; default PREFIX is `x'. With no INPUT, or when INPUT is -, read standard input. Output pieces of FILE separated by PATTERN(s) to files `xx01', `xx02', ..., and output byte counts of each piece to standard output. Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data. Page %dPaginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing. Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE. Print checksum and block counts for each FILE. -r defeat -s, use BSD sum algorithm, use 1K blocks -s, --sysv use System V sum algorithm, use 512 bytes blocks Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output. Print the last %d lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Reformat each paragraph in the FILE(s), writing to standard output. If no FILE or if FILE is `-', read standard input. Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty. --ignore-fail-on-non-empty ignore each failure that is solely because a directory is non-empty Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY. Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem.Show information about the filesystem on which each FILE resides, or all filesystems by default. Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories. The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values: The following two options are useful only when verifying checksums: --status don't output anything, status code shows success -w, --warn warn about improperly formated checksum lines The strings compared were %s and %s.This default behavior is not desirable when you really want to track the actual name of the file, not the file descriptor (e.g., log rotation). Use --follow=name in that case. That causes tail to track the named file by reopening it periodically to see if it has been removed and recreated by some other program. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output. -c, --complement first complement SET1 -d, --delete delete characters in SET1, do not translate -s, --squeeze-repeats replace each input sequence of a repeated character that is listed in SET1 with a single occurrence of that character -t, --truncate-set1 first truncate SET1 to length of SET2 Try `%s --help' for more information. Unknown system errorUpdate the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time. Usage: %s [-DIGITS] [OPTION]... [FILE]... Usage: %s [FILE]... or: %s [OPTION] Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE] Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]... Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]... or: %s [OPTION] --check [FILE] Print or check %s (%d-bit) checksums. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Usage: %s [OPTION] [INPUT [PREFIX]] Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN... Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2 Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE... or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE... or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE... Usage: %s [OPTION]... OWNER[:[GROUP]] FILE... or: %s [OPTION]... :GROUP FILE... or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE... Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2] Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY or: %s [OPTION]... --target-directory=DIRECTORY SOURCE... Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST (1st format) or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY (2nd format) or: %s -d [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... (3rd format) Usage: %s [OPTION]... TARGET [LINK_NAME] or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY or: %s [OPTION]... --target-directory=DIRECTORY TARGET... Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]... Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]... or: %s --traditional [FILE] [[+]OFFSET [[+]LABEL]] Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]] Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G) or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]] Valid arguments are:WARNING: %d of %d computed %s did NOT matchWARNING: %d of %d listed %s could not be readWARNING: Circular directory structure. This almost certainly means that you have a corrupted file system. NOTIFY YOUR SYSTEM MANAGER. The following directory is part of the cycle: %s Warning: Warning: it is not portable to use two or more file arguments with tail's obsolescent option syntax (%s). Use the equivalent -n or -c option instead.With --follow (-f), tail defaults to following the file descriptor, which means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue to track its end. Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to standard output. Write each FILE to standard output, last line first. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output. Ordering options: You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. [=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating^[nN]^[yY]``%s' has appeared; following end of new file`%s' has become accessible`%s' has become inaccessible`%s' has been replaced with an untailable file; giving up on this name`%s' has been replaced; following end of new file`%s' option is obsolete; use `%s'`%s' option is obsolete; use `%s-%c %.*s'`-%c' extra characters or invalid number in the argument: `%s'`-%lu' option is obsolete; use `-f %lu'`-%s' option is obsolete; use `-%c %.*s%.*s%s'`--columns=COLUMN' invalid number of columns: `%s'`--pages' invalid ending page number: `%s'`--pages' invalid range of page numbers: `%s'`--pages' invalid starting page number: `%s'`--pages' starting page number is larger than ending page number`--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' missing argument`-LIST' option is obsolete; use `--first-only -t LIST'`-LIST' option is obsolete; use `-t LIST'`-N NUMBER' invalid starting line number: `%s'`-W PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: `%s'`-l PAGE_LENGTH' invalid number of lines: `%s'`-o MARGIN' invalid line offset: `%s'`-w PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: `%s'accessing %sadvancing past %s bytes in output file %sambiguous argument %s for %sat least one string must be given when squeezing repeatsbacking up %s would destroy source; %s not copiedbacking up %s would destroy source; %s not movedbackup typeblock sizeblock special fileboth files cannot be standard inputcannot access %scannot backup %scannot both summarize and show all entriescannot change owner and/or group of %scannot change permissions of %scannot chdir to directory %scannot convert U+%04X to local character setcannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %scannot copy cyclic symbolic link %scannot create directory %scannot create temporary filecannot do ioctl on `%s'cannot fstat %scannot get the login group of a numeric UIDcannot lstat %scannot lstat `.' in %scannot make both hard and symbolic linkscannot omit both user and groupcannot open %s for readingcannot remove `.' or `..'cannot reposition file pointer for %scannot run stripcannot skip past end of combined inputcannot split in more than one waycannot un-backup %schanged group of %s to %s changed ownership of %s to %s changing ownership of %scharacter offset is zerocharacter out of rangecharacter special filechecksumchecksumsclose failedclosing %s (fd=%d)closing output file %scompatibility mode supports at most three argumentscopying multiple files, but last argument %s is not a directorycreate hard link %s to %screating file `%s' creating hard link %s to %screating symbolic link %s to %sdirectoryerror in regular expression searcherror reading %serror writing %sextra operand `%s'extra operand `%s' not allowed with -cfailed to change group of %s to %s failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s) failed to get attributes of %sfailed to preserve authorship for %sfailed to preserve ownership for %sfailed to preserve times for %sfield number is zerofifofifo files not supportedfilefile system type %s both selected and excludedfilesgetting new attributes of %sgroup numbergroup of %s retained as %s iconv function not availableiconv function not usableignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %signoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %sin compatibility mode, the last two arguments must be offsetsinput disappearedinstalling multiple files, but last argument, %s is not a directoryinter-device move failed: %s to %s; unable to remove targetinvalid argument %s for %sinvalid backslash escape `\%c'invalid backslash escape at end of stringinvalid byte or field listinvalid character `%c' in type string `%s'invalid character class `%s'invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %cinvalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3oinvalid field number for file 1: `%s'invalid field number for file 2: `%s'invalid field number: `%s'invalid field specifier: `%s'invalid file number in field spec: `%s'invalid groupinvalid identity mapping; when translating, any [:lower:] or [:upper:] construct in string1 must be aligned with a corresponding construct ([:upper:] or [:lower:], respectively) in string2invalid number after `,'invalid number after `-'invalid number after `.'invalid number at field startinvalid number of bytesinvalid number of bytes to compareinvalid number of bytes to skipinvalid number of columns: `%s'invalid number of fields to skipinvalid number of linesinvalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn]invalid repeat count `%s' in [c*n] constructinvalid second operand in compatibility mode `%s'invalid type string `%s'invalid type string `%s'; this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte floating point typeinvalid type string `%s'; this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte integral typeinvalid userlimit argumentline number `%s' is smaller than preceding line number, %smajor and minor device numbers may not be specified for fifo filesmemory exhaustedmessage queueminimum string lengthmisaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] constructmissing %% conversion specification in suffixmissing character class name `[::]'missing conversion specifier in suffixmissing equivalence class character `[==]'missing list of fieldsmissing list of positionsmode of %s changed to %04lo (%s) mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s) multi-character tab `%s'neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed no FILE arguments may be used with the option to output dircolors' internal databaseno SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option givenno files may be specified when using --stringno files remainingno type may be specified when dumping stringsnumber of bytesnumber of linesold-style offsetonly one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2only one argument may be specifiedonly one argument may be specified when using --checkonly one string may be given when deleting without squeezing repeatsonly one type of list may be specifiedopen failedownership of %s retained as %s page width too narrowpreserving times for %sprinting all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaninglessrange-endpoints of `%s-%s' are in reverse collating sequence orderread errorread failedregular empty fileregular fileremoved %s semaphoreseparator cannot be emptysetting times of %sshared memory objectskip argumentskipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copiedsocketsort sizestandard errorstandard inputstandard input is closedstandard outputstarting page number larger than total number of pages: `%d'stat failedstdin: read errorstray character in field specstring comparison failedsuppressing non-delimited lines makes sense only when operating on fieldssymbolic linktab size cannot be 0tab size contains an invalid charactertab sizes must be ascendingthe --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksumsthe --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksumsthe --string and --check options are mutually exclusivethe --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksumsthe [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translatingthe [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1the delimiter must be a single characterthe options to output dircolors' internal database and to select a shell syntax are mutually exclusivethe strip option may not be used when installing a directorytoo few argumentstoo few non-option argumentstoo many %% conversion specifications in suffixtoo many argumentstoo many arguments; When using tail's obsolescent option syntax (%s) there may be no more than one file argument. Use the equivalent -n or -c option instead.too many non-option argumentstotaltruncated recordtruncated recordstwo strings must be given when both deleting and squeezing repeatstwo strings must be given when translatingunparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variableunrecognized option `-%c'warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this systemwarning: --retry is useful only when following by namewarning: --version-control (-V) is obsolete; support for it will be removed in some future release. Use --backup=%s instead.warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when followingwarning: `touch %s' is obsolete; use `touch -t %04d%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d'warning: invalid width %lu; using %d insteadwarning: line number `%s' is the same as preceding line numberwarning: source file %s specified more than oncewarning: summarizing conflicts with --max-depth=%dwarning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0warning: the ambiguous octal escape \%c%c%c is being interpreted as the 2-byte sequence \0%c%c, `%c'warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s) of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of typesweird filewhen creating special files, major and minor device numbers must be specifiedwhen making multiple links, last argument must be a directorywhen moving multiple files, last argument must be a directorywhen not truncating set1, string2 must be non-emptywhen preserving paths, the destination must be a directorywhen translating with complemented character classes, string2 must map all characters in the domain to onewhen translating, the only character classes that may appear in string2 are `upper' and `lower'width specificationwill not overwrite just-created %s with %swrite errorwrite error for `%s'write failedyou must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fieldsProject-Id-Version: textutils 2.1 Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org POT-Creation-Date: 2004-03-12 14:56+0100 PO-Revision-Date: 2002-08-04 06:10+0800 Last-Translator: Abel Cheung Language-Team: Chinese (traditional) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8-bit -B, --binary (DOS/Windows)以二元碼模å¼å°‡è³‡æ–™è¼¸å‡ºè‡³ç•«é¢ã€‚ -b, --binary 以二元碼模å¼è®€å…¥æª”案 (DOS/Windows å¹³å°çš„é è¨­æ¨¡å¼) -c, --check 驗證由指定的清單æ供的 %s 檢查值 -t, --text 以文字模å¼è®€å…¥æª”案 (é è¨­æ¨¡å¼) 整數 複製直至指定行數之å‰çš„一行 /æ­£è¦è¡¨ç¤ºå¼/[å移值] 複製直至符åˆè¡¨ç¤ºå¼ä¹‹å‰çš„一行 %æ­£è¦è¡¨ç¤ºå¼%[å移值] 忽略直至符åˆè¡¨ç¤ºå¼ä¹‹å‰çš„一行 {整數} 將之å‰çš„樣å¼é‡è¦†æŒ‡å®šçš„次數 {*} 將之å‰çš„樣å¼é‡è¦†æœ€å¤§å¯èƒ½çš„次數 行號å移值是一個(必須的)‘+’或‘-’字元加上一個正整數。 a æ¯ä¸€è¡Œéƒ½åŠ ä¸Šè¡Œè™Ÿ t åªæœ‰éžç©ºç™½çš„è¡Œæ‰åŠ ä¸Šè¡Œè™Ÿ n æ¯ä¸€è¡Œéƒ½ä¸åŠ è¡Œè™Ÿ pæ­£è¦è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ åªæœ‰ç¬¦åˆ <æ­£è¦è¡¨ç¤ºå¼> çš„æ¯ä¸€è¡Œæ‰åŠ ä¸Šè¡Œè™Ÿ <æ ¼å¼> å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ä»¥ä¸‹å…¶ä¸­ä¸€å€‹ï¼š ln å‘å·¦å°é½Šï¼Œå‰é¢ä¸åŠ é›¶è£œä½ rn å‘å³å°é½Šï¼Œå‰é¢ä¸åŠ é›¶è£œä½ rz å‘å³å°é½Šï¼Œå‰é¢åŠ é›¶è£œä½ 當 nn <= 10 (é…åˆ -F é¸é …時 nn <= 3) 的時候,使用 -l nn é¸é …å³è¡¨ç¤º -T é¸é … 已生效。如果沒有指定 <檔案> 或 <檔案> 是 -,則由標準輸入讀å–資料。 一個欄ä½æ˜¯ç”±ä¸€çµ„空白字元加上一組éžç©ºç™½çš„字元組æˆçš„。 當åŒæ™‚指定略éŽæ¬„ä½å’Œç•¥éŽå­—å…ƒä¸ä½œæ¯”較時,會先略éŽæ¬„ä½ã€‚ 有一個特別情æ³ï¼šå¦‚æžœåŒæ™‚指定 --force å’Œ --backup é¸é …,而且 <來æº> å’Œ <目的地> 是åŒä¸€å€‹å·²å­˜åœ¨çš„普通檔案的話,cp 會將 <來æº> 檔案備份。 é è¨­æ˜¯ä¸æœƒä½¿ç”¨è‰²å½©ä¾†å€åˆ¥æª”案的。此方å¼ç­‰æ–¼ä½¿ç”¨äº† --color=none é¸é …。若使用 --color é¸é …但ä¸æŒ‡å®š WHEN 引數等於 --color=always。當使用 --color=auto 時, åªç•¶è¼¸å‡ºè‡³çµ‚ç«¯æ©Ÿç•«é¢ (tty) 時æ‰æœƒé¡¯ç¤ºè‰²å½©ã€‚ é è¨­çš„é¸é …為 -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn。CC 是兩個用來 分辨æ¯é çš„標頭ã€å…§å®¹å’Œè¨»è…³çš„字元;如果沒有指定第二個字元則表示是 :。 請輸入 \\ 表示 \ 字元。<æ–¹å¼> å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ä»¥ä¸‹å…¶ä¸­ä¸€å€‹ï¼š é è¨­ä½¿ç”¨æ¨¡å¼ä¸­ï¼Œ<來æº> æª”æ¡ˆæ˜¯å¦ sparse 檔案會由一種粗略的方å¼æ±ºå®šï¼Œè€Œä¸”相應 çš„ <目的地> 檔案也會是 sparse 檔案。此方å¼ç­‰æ–¼ä½¿ç”¨ --sparse=auto é¸é …。指定 --sparse=always 則åªè¦ <來æº> 檔å«æœ‰è¶³å¤ é•·çš„ 0 ä½å…ƒçµ„都會產生 sparse çš„ <目的地> 檔案。 使用 --sparse=never 會ç¦æ­¢ç”¢ç”Ÿ sparse 檔案。 如果加上 --remove (-u) é¸é …表示移除 <檔案>。é è¨­çš„æ–¹å¼æ˜¯ä¸ç§»é™¤æª”案, å› ç‚ºè¦†å¯«åƒ /dev/hda 等的è£ç½®æª”案是很普é的,而這些檔案通常ä¸æ‡‰ç§»é™¤ã€‚ 當覆寫普通檔案時,絕大多數人都會使用 --remove é¸é …。 <模å¼> 由三部份組æˆï¼šä¸€å€‹æˆ–以上的 ugoa å­—å…ƒã€ä¸€å€‹æˆ–以上的 +-=符號〠和一個或以上的 rwxXstugo 字元。 å°æ–¼èˆŠå¼çš„語法 (第二種調用的格å¼),<å移值> 等於‘-j <å移值>’。<標號> 是第一個ä½å…ƒçµ„的虛擬地å€(本來是 0),會在傾å°è³‡æ–™æ™‚相應增加。å°æ–¼ <å移值> å’Œ <標號>,å‰é¢åŠ ä¸Š 0x 或 0X 表示是å六進ä½æ•¸å­—;後é¢åŠ ä¸Š . è¡¨ç¤ºæ˜¯å…«é€²ä½ æ•¸å­—ï¼ŒåŠ ä¸Š b 則表示乘以 512。 <æ ¼å¼> å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ä¸‹åˆ—一個或多個的è¦æ ¼ï¼š a ASCII 字元或以 ASCII 字元代表的控制字元 c ASCII 字兀或å斜號溢出åºåˆ— 如果指定 <檔案>,則讀å–該檔案的資料來決定檔案類型åŠå»¶ä¼¸æª”å相應的é¡è‰²ã€‚ å¦å‰‡ï¼Œæœƒä½¿ç”¨ä¸€å€‹é è¨­çš„資料庫。如è¦çž­è§£æ­¤æª”案格å¼çš„細節,請執行 ‘dircolors --print-database’。 請注æ„,如果使用 rm 來移除檔案,通常ä»å¯ä»¥å°‡è©²æª”案æ¢å¾©åŽŸç‹€ã€‚如果想ä¿è­‰ 該檔案的內容無法還原,請考慮使用 shred。 請注æ„,-d å’Œ -t é¸é …å¯æŽ¥å—ä¸åŒçš„時間/日期格å¼ã€‚ 如果沒有指定 <æ“有者>,則ä¸æœƒæ›´æ”¹ã€‚<群組> 若沒有指定也ä¸æœƒæ›´æ”¹ï¼Œ 但當加上‘:’時 <群組> 會更改為指定æ“有者的主è¦ç¾¤çµ„。 <æ“有者> åŠ <群組> å¯ä»¥æ˜¯æ•¸å­—或å稱。 <ä½ç½®> çš„æ ¼å¼æ˜¯ F[.C][OPTS],其中 F 是欄ä½ç·¨è™Ÿï¼ŒC 是該欄的字元ä½ç½®ã€‚OPTS 是一個或多個單字元的排åºé¸é …,這些專用的é¸é …會å–代該排åºç´¢å¼•çš„ä¸€èˆ¬æŽ’åº é¸é …。如果沒有指定排åºç´¢å¼•ï¼Œå‰‡ä»¥æ•´è¡Œçš„內容作為索引。 <大å°> å¯ä»¥åŠ ä¸Šå¦‚下的單ä½ï¼š RADIX çš„é¸æ“‡ç‚ºï¼šd 表示å進ä½ï¼Œo 表示八進ä½ï¼Œh 表示å六進ä½ï¼Œæˆ– n 表示 ä¸é¡¯ç¤ºåŸºæº–ä½å€ã€‚<ä½å…ƒçµ„> å¯ä»¥æ˜¯å‰ç½® 0x 或 0X çš„å六進ä½æ•¸å­—;如果 <ä½å…ƒçµ„> 後加上 b 字元表示將數字乘以 512,加上 k 表示乘以 1024,加上 m 表示乘以 1048576。在任何 <æ ¼å¼> 後加上 z 字元會在æ¯è¡Œè¼¸å‡ºå¾Œé¡¯ç¤ºç›¸æ‡‰çš„å¯åˆ—å°å­—元。 è‹¥ <檔案> 是 - 則由標準輸入讀å–資料。æ¯ä¸€å€‹ <樣å¼> å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ï¼š è«‹å‘ <%s> 回報錯誤。 SET 是以字串方å¼æŒ‡å®šã€‚大部份字元都會直接處ç†ã€‚è¦è§£è­¯çš„åºåˆ—包括: \NNN 八進ä½æ•¸å­— NNN (1 至 3 個ä½)所代表的字元 \\ å斜號 \a éŸ¿è² (BEL) \b 倒退字元 (backspace) \f æ›é å­—å…ƒ (form feed) \n æ›è¡Œå­—å…ƒ (new line) \r 復ä½å­—å…ƒ (return) \t 水平定ä½å­—å…ƒ (tab) <大å°> 是一個數字。當 <æ ¼å¼> 是 doux 其中之一時,<大å°> 也å¯ä»¥æ˜¯ï¼šè¡¨ç¤º sizeof(char) çš„ Cã€è¡¨ç¤º sizeof(short) çš„ Sã€è¡¨ç¤º sizeof(int) çš„ I 或 表示 sizeof(long) çš„ L。如果 <æ ¼å¼> 是 f,<大å°> å¯ä»¥æ˜¯è¡¨ç¤º sizeof(float) çš„ Fã€è¡¨ç¤º sizeof(double) çš„ D 或表示 sizeof(long double) çš„ L。 <大å°> å¯ä»¥åŠ ä¸Šå–®ä½ï¼šb 表示 512,k 表示 1K,m 表示 1M。 備份檔的後置字串為‘~’,除éžä»¥ --suffix é¸é …或是 SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX 環境變數指定。版本控制的方å¼å¯é€éŽ --backup é¸é …或 VERSION_CONTROL 環境 變數來é¸æ“‡ã€‚以下是å¯ç”¨çš„變數值: 總和檢查是根據 %s æ述的方法計算出來的。當驗證時,輸入資料必須是此程å¼ä»¥å¾€ 的輸出çµæžœã€‚é è¨­æ¨¡å¼æ˜¯å°å‡ºç¸½å’Œæª¢æŸ¥å€¼ï¼Œä¸€å€‹ä»£è¡¨æª”案類型的字元 (‘*’表示二元 碼,‘ ’[空格] 表示文字),åŠæ¯å€‹ <檔案> çš„å稱。 è¦ç§»é™¤ç¬¬ä¸€å€‹å­—元為‘-’的檔案 (例如‘-foo’),請使用以下其中一種方法: %s -- -foo %s ./-foo 舊å¼çš„è¦æ ¼å¯ä»¥æ··åˆä½¿ç”¨ï¼Œè€Œä¸”效果會累ç©ï¼š -a 等於 -t a, 顯示 ASCII 字元或以 ASCII 表示的控制字元 -b 等於 -t oC, 顯示八進ä½ä½å…ƒçµ„ -c 等於 -t c, 顯示 ASCII 字元或å斜號溢出åºåˆ— -d 等於 -t u2, 顯示åé€²ä½ unsigned short ç½®æ›æ“作åªåœ¨æ²’有指定 -d é¸é …å’Œ SET1ã€SET2 åŒæ™‚存在的情æ³ä¸‹æœ‰æ•ˆã€‚ -t é¸é …åªèƒ½åœ¨ç½®æ›æ“作時使用。有需è¦æ™‚,SET2 會將它的最後一個字元 é‡è¦†ï¼Œç›´è‡³ SET2 的長度和 SET1 的一樣。 å¿…é ˆæ°å¥½æŒ‡å®š -bã€-c 或 -f 其中一個é¸é …。æ¯å€‹ LIST 是由一個範åœæˆ–是 多個以逗號分隔的範åœçµ„æˆçš„。æ¯å€‹ç¯„åœå¯ä»¥æ˜¯ï¼š N ç”± 1 開始計算,åªå–第 N 個ä½å…ƒçµ„ã€å­—å…ƒæˆ–æ¬„ä½ N- 由第 N 個ä½å…ƒçµ„ã€å­—元或欄ä½ç›´è‡³è¡Œæœ« N-M 由第 N 至第 M(包括在內)個ä½å…ƒçµ„ã€å­—å…ƒæˆ–æ¬„ä½ -M 由第 1 至第 M(包括在內)個ä½å…ƒçµ„ã€å­—å…ƒæˆ–æ¬„ä½ å¦‚æžœæ²’æœ‰æŒ‡å®š <檔案> 或 <檔案> 是 -,則由標準輸入讀å–資料。 如果沒有指定 <檔案> 或 <檔案> 是 -,則由標準輸入讀入資料。 é è¨­ä½¿ç”¨â€˜-F /’é¸é …。 如果沒有指定<檔案>或<檔案>是 -,則由標準輸入讀å–資料。 ä»¥æ˜Žç¢ºæ–¹å¼ (é è¨­ç‚ºå…«é€²ä½æ•¸å­—) 表示 <檔案> 的內容。當指定多於一個 <檔案> 時, 會以指定的次åºå°‡æª”案內容åˆä½µã€‚如果沒有指定 <檔案> 或 <檔案> 是 -,則由標準 輸入讀å–資料。 以 <字串> 分隔欄ä½ã€‚ ä¸ä½¿ç”¨ -S é¸é …時,é è¨­çš„分隔字串為:使用 -J é¸é …時是 ,å¦å‰‡æ˜¯ <空格> (å³ -S" ");此é¸é …ä¸æœƒå½±éŸ¿å…¶å®ƒå’Œ 欄ä½æœ‰é—œçš„é¸é … -t, --omit-header ä¸å°å‡ºæ¨™é ­å’Œè¨»è…³ --backup[=CONTROL] 為æ¯å€‹å·²å­˜åœ¨çš„目的地檔案進行備份 -b é¡žä¼¼ --backup,但ä¸æŽ¥å—任何引數 -c (æ­¤é¸é …ä¸ä½œè™•ç†) -d, --directory 所有引數都作為目錄處ç†ï¼›è€Œä¸”會建立指定目錄的所有主目錄 --block-size=å¤§å° å€æ®µä»¥æŒ‡å®š <大å°> çš„ä½å…ƒçµ„ç‚ºå–®ä½ -B, --ignore-backups ä¸åˆ—出任何以 ~ å­—å…ƒçµæŸçš„é …ç›® -c é…åˆ -lt:根據 ctime 排åºåŠé¡¯ç¤º ctime (檔案狀態最後更改的時間) é…åˆ -l :顯示 ctime 但根據åç¨±æŽ’åº å¦å‰‡ :根據 ctime æŽ’åº --from=ç›®å‰æ“有者:ç›®å‰ç¾¤çµ„ åªç•¶æ¯å€‹æª”案的æ“有者和群組符åˆé¸é …所指定的, æ‰æœƒæ›´æ”¹æ“有者和群組。其中一個å¯ä»¥çœç•¥ï¼Œé€™æ™‚ å·²çœç•¥çš„屬性就ä¸éœ€è¦ç¬¦åˆåŽŸæœ‰çš„屬性。 --help 顯示此求助說明並離開 --indicator-style=æ–¹å¼ æŒ‡å®šåœ¨æ¯å€‹é …ç›®å稱後加上指示符號 <æ–¹å¼>: none (é è¨­),classify (-F),file-type (-p) -i, --inode å°å‡ºæ¯å€‹æª”案的 inode 編號 -I, --ignore=æ¨£å¼ ä¸å°å‡ºä»»ä½•ç¬¦åˆ shell è¬ç”¨å­—å…ƒ <樣å¼> çš„é …ç›® -k å³ --block-size=1K --no-dereference ä¸æœƒæ‰¾å‡ºç¬¦è™ŸéˆçµæŒ‡ç¤ºçš„真正目的地 -f, --force å¦‚æžœç„¡æ³•é–‹å•Ÿå·²å­˜åœ¨çš„æª”æ¡ˆï¼Œæœƒç§»é™¤è©²æª”æ¡ˆä¸¦å† å˜—è©¦é–‹å•Ÿ -i, --interactive 覆寫檔案å‰éœ€è¦ç¢ºèª -H 使用指令列中的符號éˆçµæŒ‡ç¤ºçš„真正目的地 --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST ä¸ä¿ç•™æŒ‡å®šçš„檔案屬性 --parents 複製å‰å…ˆåœ¨ <目錄> 建立來æºè·¯å¾‘中的所有目錄 -P 等於‘--no-dereference’ --reply={yes,no,query} 指定如何處ç†å·²å­˜åœ¨çš„目的地檔案 --sparse=WHEN 控制建立 sparse æª”æ¡ˆçš„æ–¹å¼ --strip-trailing-slashes 移除引數中所有 <來æº> 檔案/目錄末端的斜號 --reply={yes,no,query} 指定如何處ç†å·²å­˜åœ¨çš„目的地檔案 --strip-trailing-slashes 移除引數中所有 <來æº> 檔案/目錄末端的斜號 -S, --suffix=後置字串 自行指定備份檔的 <後置字串> --retry å³ä½¿åŸ·è¡Œ tail 時或一段時間後無法存å–æŸæª”案,ä»ç„¶ ä¸æ–·å˜—試開啟該檔案 ─ åªåœ¨é…åˆ -f é¸é …時有用 -c, --bytes=N 輸出最後的 N 個ä½å…ƒçµ„ --target-directory=目錄 將所有 <來æº> 檔案/目錄移動至 <目錄> -u, --update åªåœ¨ <來æº> 檔案比目的地檔案新,或目的地檔案 ä¸å­˜åœ¨æ™‚æ‰æœƒç§»å‹• -v, --verbose 詳細顯示進行的步驟 --time-style=æ¨£å¼ æ ¹æ“š <樣å¼> 所代表的格å¼é¡¯ç¤ºæ™‚間: full-isoã€long-isoã€isoã€localeã€+FORMAT FORMAT å³æ˜¯â€˜date’所用的時間格å¼ï¼›å¦‚æžœ FORMAT 是 FORMAT1FORMAT2,FORMAT1 é©ç”¨æ–¼è¼ƒèˆŠ 的檔案而 FORMAT2 é©ç”¨æ–¼è¼ƒæ–°çš„檔案; 如果 <樣å¼> å‰åŠ ä¸Šâ€˜posix-’,則åªæœƒåœ¨ä¸ä½¿ç”¨ POSIX 語系時使用該 <樣å¼> -t æ ¹æ“šä¿®æ”¹æ™‚é–“æŽ’åº -T, --tabsize=寬度 å¦è¡ŒæŒ‡å®š tab çš„ <寬度>ï¼Œè€Œéž 8 個字元 --verbose é–‹å•Ÿæ¯å€‹è¼¸å‡ºæª”之å‰éƒ½åœ¨æ¨™æº–éŒ¯èª¤è¼¸å‡ºé¡¯ç¤ºè¨Šæ¯ --version 顯示版本資訊並離開 å®¹é‡ å·²ç”¨ å¯ç”¨ 已用%% Inode (I)已用 (I)å¯ç”¨ (I)已用%% å®¹é‡ å·²ç”¨ å¯ç”¨ 已用%% -A, --address-radix=RADIX 決定基準ä½å€çš„å–®ä½ -j, --skip-bytes=ä½å…ƒçµ„ 先略éŽæŒ‡å®š <ä½å…ƒçµ„> 的輸入資料 -D 建立 <目的地> å‰çš„所有上層目錄,然後將 <來æº> 複製至 <目的地>;在第一種使用格å¼ä¸­æœ‰ç”¨ -g, --group=群組 自行設定所屬群組,而ä¸æ˜¯ç¨‹åºç›®å‰çš„所屬群組 -m, --mode=æ¨¡å¼ è‡ªè¡Œè¨­å®šæ¬Šé™æ¨¡å¼ (åƒ chmod),而ä¸æ˜¯ rwxr-xr-x -o, --owner=æ“有者 自行設定æ“有者 (åªé©ç”¨æ–¼æœ€å¤§æ¬ŠåŠ›ä½¿ç”¨è€…) -D, --all-repeated[=分隔方å¼] å°å‡ºæ‰€æœ‰é‡è¦†çš„資料 分隔方å¼={none(é è¨­)ã€prependã€separate} 會使用空行來分隔資料。 -f, --skip-fields=N ä¸æ¯”較最åˆçš„ N å€‹æ¬„ä½ -i, --ignore-case 比較時忽略大å°å¯« -s, --skip-chars=N ä¸æ¯”較最åˆçš„ N 個字元 -u, --unique åªå°å‡ºæ²’有é‡è¦†çš„資料 -D, --date-format=æ ¼å¼ ä½¿ç”¨ <æ ¼å¼> 顯示標頭的日期 -e[å­—å…ƒ[寬度]], --expand-tabs[=å­—å…ƒ[寬度]] 將輸入資料中的 <å­—å…ƒ> (é è¨­ç‚º TAB) 轉æ›ç‚ºæŒ‡å®š <寬度> çš„ 空格數目 (é è¨­ç‚º 8) -F, -f, --form-feed 使用 form feed 而ä¸æ˜¯ newline å­—å…ƒä¾†åˆ†é  (使用此é¸é … 時åªæœƒå°å‡ºä¸‰è¡Œæ¨™é ­ï¼Œå¦å‰‡æœƒå°å‡ºäº”行標頭å†åŠ è¨»è…³) -L, --max-line-length å°å‡ºæœ€é•·ä¸€è¡Œçš„字數 -w, --words å°å‡ºå­—數 -N, --read-bytes=ä½å…ƒçµ„ é™åˆ¶å‚¾å°çš„輸入資料 <ä½å…ƒçµ„> 數目 -s, --strings[=ä½å…ƒçµ„] åªå°å‡ºä¸å°‘於指定 <ä½å…ƒçµ„> 大å°çš„字串常數 -t, --format=æ ¼å¼ é¸æ“‡è¼¸å‡ºçš„ <æ ¼å¼> -v, --output-duplicates ä¸ä½¿ç”¨ * 表示æ¯è¡Œé‡è¦†çš„資料 -w, --width[=ä½å…ƒçµ„] æ¯è¡Œé¡¯ç¤ºæŒ‡å®šçš„ <ä½å…ƒçµ„> 數目 --traditional 接å—舊å¼çš„é¸é … -P, --portability 使用 POSIX è¼¸å‡ºæ ¼å¼ --sync å–得使用é‡è³‡æ–™å‰å…ˆé€²è¡Œ sync 動作 -t, --type=é¡žåž‹ åªå°å‡ºæŒ‡å®š <é¡žåž‹> 的檔案系統資訊 -T, --print-type å°å‡ºæª”案系統類型 -x, --exclude-type=é¡žåž‹ åªå°å‡ºä¸æ˜¯æŒ‡å®š <é¡žåž‹> 的檔案系統資訊 -v (æ­¤é¸é …ä¸ä½œè™•ç†) -R, -r, --recursive 複製目錄åŠç›®éŒ„內的所有項目 --remove-destination 嘗試開啟目的地檔案å‰å…ˆç§»é™¤å·²å­˜åœ¨çš„目的地 檔案 (與 --force é¸é …作å°æ¯”) -S, --suffix=後置字串 自行指定備份檔的 <後置字串> --target-directory=目錄 在指定 <目錄> 中建立éˆçµ -v, --verbose 連çµå‰å…ˆå°å‡ºæ¯å€‹æª”案的å稱 -S字串, --sep-string[=字串] -T, --omit-pagination ä¸å°å‡ºä»»ä½•æ¨™é ­å’Œè¨»è…³ï¼Œä¸é€²è¡Œä»»ä½•å› è¼¸å…¥æª”çš„ form feed 字元而起的分é æ“作 -v, --show-nonprinting 使用å斜號加八進ä½æ•¸å­—的表示法顯示無法列å°çš„å­—å…ƒ -w é å¯¬, --width=é å¯¬ 當顯示多欄的文字時設定 <é å¯¬> (é è¨­ç‚º 72 å­—å…ƒ)ï¼›-s[å­—å…ƒ] 會關閉此效果 -W é å¯¬, --page-width=é å¯¬ 設定æ¯é çš„ <é å¯¬> (é è¨­ç‚º 72 個字元);任何一行太長都會 強行截短至符åˆé å¯¬ï¼Œé™¤éžåŒæ™‚使用 -J é¸é …ï¼›ä¸æœƒå½±éŸ¿ -S 或 -s é¸é … -a, --across å°å‡ºå…§å®¹æ™‚æœƒå…ˆæ©«è·¨æ‰€æœ‰æ¬„ä½ (æ©«å‘列å°),並éžå°å®Œä¸€æ¬„æ‰ è·³è‡³ç¬¬äºŒæ¬„ç¹¼çºŒåˆ—å°ï¼›æ­¤é¸é …需è¦é…åˆ -欄數 使用 -c, --show-control-chars 使用 ^ 符號 (^G) 或å斜號加八進ä½æ•¸å­—顯示無法列å°çš„å­—å…ƒ -d, --double-space 隔行顯示çµæžœ -a, --all ä¸éš±è—任何以 . 字元開始的項目 -A, --almost-all 列出除了 . åŠ .. 以外的任何項目 --author å°å‡ºæ¯å€‹æª”案的著作者 -b, --escape 以八進ä½æº¢å‡ºåºåˆ—表示ä¸å¯åˆ—å°çš„å­—å…ƒ -a, --all 包括大å°ç‚º 0 個å€æ®µçš„檔案系統 -B, --block-size=å¤§å° å€æ®µä»¥æŒ‡å®š <大å°> çš„ä½å…ƒçµ„ç‚ºå–®ä½ -h, --human-readable 以容易ç†è§£çš„æ ¼å¼å°å‡ºæª”æ¡ˆç³»çµ±å¤§å° (例如 1K 234M 2G) -H, --si é¡žä¼¼ -hï¼Œä½†å– 1000 的次方而ä¸æ˜¯ 1024 -a, --archive 等於 -dpR --backup[=CONTROL] 為æ¯å€‹å·²å­˜åœ¨çš„目的地檔案建立備份檔 -b é¡žä¼¼ --backup,但ä¸æŽ¥å—任何引數 --copy-contents 當使用éžè¿´æ¨¡å¼æ™‚複製特殊檔案的內容 -d 等於 --no-dereference --preserve=link -b, --before 將分隔字串加在å‰é¢è€Œä¸æ˜¯å¾Œé¢ -r, --regex 將分隔字串ç†è§£ç‚ºæ­£è¦è¡¨ç¤ºå¼ -s, --separator=字串 用 <字串> 作為分隔字串,而ä¸æ˜¯ newline å­—å…ƒ -b, --body-numbering=æ–¹å¼ æ±ºå®šå°‡å…§å®¹åŠ ä¸Šè¡Œè™Ÿçš„ <æ–¹å¼> -d, --section-delimiter=CC 使用 CC 字元分辨標頭ã€å…§å®¹å’Œè¨»è…³ -f, --footer-numbering=æ–¹å¼ æ±ºå®šå°‡è¨»è…³åŠ ä¸Šè¡Œè™Ÿçš„ <æ–¹å¼> -b, --bytes 計算ä½å…ƒçµ„總數而éžå­—å…ƒä½ç½® -s, --spaces åªåœ¨ç©ºæ ¼ä½ç½®æ–·é–‹ -w, --width=寬度 使用指定的 <寬度> ä½œç‚ºè¡Œå¯¬è€Œéž 80 -b, --bytes=LIST åªé¡¯ç¤ºæŒ‡å®šçš„ä½å…ƒçµ„ -c, --characters=LIST åªé¡¯ç¤ºæŒ‡å®šçš„å­—å…ƒ -d, --delimiter=DELIM 以 DELIM 字元代替 TAB 作為欄ä½çš„分隔符號 -b, --ignore-leading-blanks 忽略æ¯è¡Œé–‹å§‹çš„空白字元 -d, --dictionary-order åªè€ƒæ…®ç©ºç™½å­—å…ƒã€è‹±æ–‡å­—和數字 -f, --ignore-case 排åºå‰å…ˆå°‡å°å¯«å­—元轉æ›ç‚ºå¤§å¯« -c, --count æ¯è¡Œå‰åŠ ä¸Šå‡ºç¾æ¬¡æ•¸ -d, --repeated åªå°å‡ºé‡è¦†çš„資料 -c, --crown-margin ä¿ç•™æœ€åˆå…©è¡Œçš„ç¸®æŽ’æ–¹å¼ -p, --prefix=字串 åªåˆä½µå«æœ‰æŒ‡å®šå‰ç½® <字串> çš„æ¯ä¸€è¡Œ -s, --split-only åªå°‡ä¸€è¡ŒéŽé•·çš„資料分開,而ä¸åˆä½µå¤šæ–¼ä¸€è¡Œçš„資料 -d, --delimiters=列表 å覆使用 <列表> 中的字元代替 TAB -s, --serial æ¯æ¬¡åˆä½µä¸€å€‹æª”案中的æ¯ä¸€è¡Œï¼Œè€Œéžæ‰€æœ‰æª”案的æŸä¸€è¡Œ -f ä¸é€²è¡ŒæŽ’åºï¼Œ-aU é¸é …生效,-lst é¸é …失效 -F, --classify 加上檔案類型的指示符號 (*/=@| 其中一個) --format=é—œéµå­— across -x,commas -m,horizontal -x,long -l, single-column -1,verbose -l,vertical -C --full-time å³ -l --time-style=full-iso -f 等於 -t fF, 顯示浮點數 -h 等於 -t x2, 顯示åå…­é€²ä½ short integer -i 等於 -t d2, 顯示åé€²ä½ short integer -l 等於 -t d4, 顯示åé€²ä½ long integer -o 等於 -t o2, é¡¯ç¤ºå…«é€²ä½ short integer -x 等於 -t x2, 顯示åå…­é€²ä½ short integer -f, --fields=LIST åªé¡¯ç¤ºæŒ‡å®šçš„欄ä½ï¼›åŒæ™‚也å°å‡ºä¸å«åˆ†éš”符號的 æ¯ä¸€è¡Œï¼Œé™¤éžä½¿ç”¨äº† -s é¸é … -n (ä¸æœƒä½œä»»ä½•è™•ç†) -f, --follow[={name|descriptor}] 當檔案ä¸æ–·è®Šå¤§æ™‚顯示加上的資料; -fã€--follow åŠ --follow=descriptor 是相åŒçš„ -F 等於 --follow=name --retry -f, --force 有需è¦æ™‚強迫程å¼å¯å¯«å…¥æª”案 -n, --iterations=N 自行指定é‡è¦†è¦†å¯«çš„次數 (é è¨­ç‚º %d 次) -s, --size=N 覆寫指定的ä½å…ƒçµ„數目 (å¯æŽ¥å— Kã€Mã€G 等等的單ä½) -g, --general-numeric-sort 以普通數值的方å¼ä½œæ¯”較 -i, --ignore-nonprinting åªè€ƒæ…®å¯åˆ—å°çš„å­—å…ƒ -M, --month-sort 比較月份: (ä¸æ˜Ž) <‘JAN’< ... <‘DEC’ -n, --numeric-sort 將字串轉æ›ç‚ºæ•¸å€¼ä¾†ä½œæ¯”較 -r, --reverse 以相å的次åºæŽ’列 -h 標頭文字, --header=標頭文字 æ¯é çš„標頭使用置中的 <標頭文字> 代替檔案å稱;-h "" 表示空白字串,ä¸è¦ä½¿ç”¨ -h"" (ç•™æ„空格) -i[å­—å…ƒ[寬度]], --output-tabs[=å­—å…ƒ[寬度]] 將指定 <寬度> 的空格轉æ›ç‚º <å­—å…ƒ> (é è¨­ç‚º TAB) -J, --join-lines å°‡æ¯è¡Œè³‡æ–™å®Œæ•´åœ°åˆä½µï¼›æœƒé—œé–‰ -W é¸é …å°‡æ¯è¡Œæˆªæ–·çš„效果; ä¸å°‡æ¯æ¬„å°é½Šï¼›--sep-string[=字串] é¸é …å¯è¨­å®šåˆ†éš”字串 -h, --header-numbering=æ–¹å¼ æ±ºå®šå°‡æ¨™é ­åŠ ä¸Šè¡Œè™Ÿçš„ <æ–¹å¼> -i, --page-increment=數字 æ¯è¡Œçš„è¡Œè™Ÿå¢žåŠ é‡ -l, --join-blank-lines=行數 將指定 <行數>的空行åˆä½µæˆä¸€è¡Œ -n, --number-format=æ ¼å¼ æ ¹æ“š <æ ¼å¼> 加上行號 -p, --no-renumber æ¯æ¬¡åˆ†é å¾Œä¸é‡è¨­è¡Œè™Ÿ -s, --number-separator=字串 以 <字串> 分隔行號和內容 -i, --initial ä¸è½‰æ›éžç©ºç™½å­—元後的 TAB å­—å…ƒ -t, --tabs=數目 å°‡ tab 轉æ›ç‚ºæŒ‡å®š <數目> 的空格而ä¸æ˜¯ 8 個 -i, --inodes 顯示 inode 資訊而éžå€æ®µä½¿ç”¨é‡ -k å³ --block-size=1K -l, --local åªé¡¯ç¤ºæœ¬æ©Ÿçš„檔案系統 --no-sync å–得使用é‡è³‡æ–™å‰ä¸é€²è¡Œ sync 動作 (é è¨­) -l 使用較長格å¼åˆ—出資訊 -L, --dereference 當顯示符號éˆçµçš„檔案資訊時,顯示符號éˆçµæ‰€æŒ‡ç¤º 的目標而並éžç¬¦è™Ÿéˆçµæœ¬èº«çš„資訊 -m 所有項目以逗號分隔,並填滿整行行寬 -l æ¯é è¡Œæ•¸, --length=æ¯é è¡Œæ•¸ 設定æ¯é çš„總行數 (é è¨­ç‚º 66) (é è¨­å¯é¡¯ç¤ºè³‡æ–™å…§å®¹çš„行數為 56,使用 -F é¸é …時為 63) -m, --merge 並排顯示所有檔案 (æ¯æ¬„一個檔案)ï¼›æœƒå°‡è³‡æ–™æˆªçŸ­è‡³ç¬¦åˆ æ¬„å¯¬ï¼Œä½†ä½¿ç”¨ -J é¸é …則ä¸æœƒæˆªçŸ­ä»»ä½•ä¸€è¡Œ -l, --link 連çµè€Œéžè¤‡è£½æª”案 -L, --dereference 一定先找出符號éˆçµæŒ‡ç¤ºçš„真正目的地 -p 等於 --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps --preserve[=ATTR_LIST] è‹¥å¯èƒ½ï¼Œä¿ç•™æŒ‡å®šçš„檔案屬性 (é è¨­å€¼ç‚ºï¼šmode,ownership,timestamps) é¡å¤–的屬性有:linksã€all -m, --mode=æ¨¡å¼ æŒ‡å®šæ¬Šé™æ¨¡å¼ (é¡žä¼¼ chmod),而ä¸æ˜¯ a=rw 減 umask -m, --mode=æ¨¡å¼ è¨­å®šæ¬Šé™ <模å¼> (é¡žä¼¼ chmod),而ä¸æ˜¯ rwxrwxrwx 減 umask -p, --parents 需è¦æ™‚建立上層目錄,如目錄早已存在則ä¸ç•¶ä½œéŒ¯èª¤ -v, --verbose æ¯æ¬¡å»ºç«‹æ–°ç›®éŒ„éƒ½é¡¯ç¤ºè¨Šæ¯ -n, --digits=ä½æ•¸ 使用指定ä½æ•¸çš„數字而ä¸æ˜¯ 2 å€‹ä½ -s, --quiet, --silent ä¸å°å‡ºè¼¸å‡ºæª”çš„å¤§å° -z, --elide-empty-files 移除空白的輸出檔 -n, --lines=N 顯示最後 N 行而ä¸æ˜¯ %d è¡Œ --max-unchanged-stats=N é…åˆ --follow=name 時,如果檢查 <檔案> N 次 (é è¨­æ˜¯ %d 次)後檔案大å°ä»æ²’有改變,則會 é‡æ–°é–‹å•Ÿ <檔案> 來檢查檔案是å¦å·²è¢«åˆªé™¤æˆ–改å (此情æ³åœ¨å‚™ä»½ç´€éŒ„檔時會較常見) --max-consecutive-size-changes=N é…åˆ --follow=name 時,如果 <檔案> 連續 N 次 改變大å°ï¼Œå‰‡èªå®šæ­¤æª”案已經被改å。 -n, --no-dereference 如果目的地是一個連çµè‡³æŸç›®éŒ„的符號éˆçµï¼Œæœƒå°‡ 該符號éˆçµç•¶ä½œæ™®é€šæª”案處ç†ï¼Œæœƒå…ˆå‚™ä»½æˆ–移除該 éˆçµ -i, --interactive 確èªæ˜¯å¦ç§»é™¤ç›®çš„地檔案 -s, --symbolic 建立符號éˆçµè€Œä¸æ˜¯å¯¦éš›éˆçµ -n, --numeric-uid-gid é¡žä¼¼ -l,但列出 UID åŠ GID 編號 -N, --literal å°å‡ºæœªç¶“處ç†çš„é …ç›®å稱 (例如ä¸ç‰¹åˆ¥è™•ç†æŽ§åˆ¶å­—å…ƒ) -o é¡žä¼¼ -l,但ä¸åˆ—出有關群組的資訊 -p, --file-type 加上檔案類型的指示符號 (/=@| 其中一個) -n[SEP[ä½æ•¸]], --number-lines[=SEP[ä½æ•¸]] 加上行號;行號由指定 <ä½æ•¸> 的數字(é è¨­ç‚º 5)加上 SEP å­— å…ƒ (é è¨­ç‚º TAB) 組æˆï¼›è¨ˆç®—行號時會以æ¯å€‹æª”案第一行開始 -N 行號, --first-line-number=行號 指定æ¯å€‹æª”案第一行的 <行號> (è«‹åƒè€ƒ +開始é ç¢¼ 的說明) -o é‚Šç•Œ, --indent=é‚Šç•Œ æ¯è¡Œå‰å…ˆåŠ ä¸Š <é‚Šç•Œ> 所指定的空格數目(é è¨­ç‚º 0)ï¼›ä¸æœƒ 影響 -w 或 -W é¸é …ï¼›<é‚Šç•Œ> 空格數目會加至 <é å¯¬> 的數目 -r, --no-file-warnings 無法開啟檔案時ä¸æœƒå°å‡ºè­¦å‘Šè¨Šæ¯ -p, --parents 移除 <目錄>,然後嘗試移除指定路徑中的所有上層目錄。例如: ‘rmdir -p a/b/c’的效果等於‘rmdir a/b/c a/b a’。 -v, --verbose 處ç†æ¯å€‹ç›®éŒ„æ™‚éƒ½é¡¯ç¤ºè¨Šæ¯ -p, --preserve-timestamps 以 <來æº> 檔案的存å–/修改時間作為相應的目的 地檔案的時間屬性 -s, --strip 用 strip 指令移除 symbol table,åªé©ç”¨æ–¼ç¬¬ä¸€åŠç¬¬äºŒç¨® ä½¿ç”¨æ ¼å¼ -S, --suffix=字串 自行指定備份檔的後置 <字串> -v, --verbose 處ç†æ¯å€‹æª”案/目錄時å°å‡ºå稱 -q, --hide-control-chars 以 ? 字元代替無法列å°çš„å­—å…ƒ --show-control-chars 直接顯示無法列å°çš„å­—å…ƒ (這是é è¨­æ–¹å¼ï¼Œé™¤éžèª¿ç”¨ 的程å¼å稱是‘ls’而且是在終端機畫é¢è¼¸å‡ºçµæžœ) -Q, --quote-name 將項目å稱括上雙引號 --quoting-style=æ–¹å¼ ä½¿ç”¨æŒ‡å®šçš„ quoting <æ–¹å¼>顯示項目的å稱: literalã€localeã€shellã€shell-alwaysã€cã€escape -q, --quiet, --silent 絕ä¸é¡¯ç¤ºå«æœ‰æª”案å稱的標頭 -v, --verbose 一定顯示å«æœ‰æª”案å稱的標頭 -r, --reference=檔案 使用指定 <檔案> 的時間屬性而éžç›®å‰çš„時間 -t STAMP 使用 [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] æ ¼å¼çš„時間而éžç›®å‰çš„時間 --time=WORD 使用 WORD 指定的時間:accessã€atimeã€use 都等於 -a é¸é …的效果,而 modifyã€mtime 等於 -m é¸é …的效果 -r, --reverse ä¾ç›¸å次åºæŽ’列 -R, --recursive åŒæ™‚列出所有副目錄層 -s, --size 以å€æ®µå¤§å°ç‚ºå–®ä½åˆ—å‡ºæ‰€æœ‰æª”æ¡ˆçš„å¤§å° -s, --only-delimited ä¸å°å‡ºä¸å«åˆ†éš”符號的æ¯ä¸€è¡Œ --output-delimiter=字串 以 <字串> 作為輸出資料的分隔符號 é è¨­æ˜¯ä½¿ç”¨è¼¸å…¥è³‡æ–™çš„分隔符號 -s, --symbolic-link åªå»ºç«‹ç¬¦è™Ÿéˆçµè€Œä¸æ˜¯è¤‡è£½æª”案 -S, --suffix=後置字串 自行指定備份檔的 <後置字串> --target-directory=目錄 將所有 <來æº> 檔案/目錄複製至指定的 <目錄> -s[å­—å…ƒ],--separator[=å­—å…ƒ] 以一個字元分隔欄ä½ï¼Œç•¶ä¸ä½¿ç”¨ -w é¸é …時é è¨­å­—元為 ,å¦å‰‡ä¸ä½¿ç”¨ä»»ä½•åˆ†éš”å­—å…ƒ 除éžä½¿ç”¨äº† -w é¸é …,å¦å‰‡ -s[å­—å…ƒ] 會防止以下三種 和欄ä½æœ‰é—œçš„é¸é …截斷æ¯è¡Œçš„資料: -欄ä½ã€-a -欄ä½ã€ -m -t 等於 -vT -T, --show-tabs å°‡ TAB 字元顯示為 ^I -u (æ­¤é¸é …ä¸ä½œè™•ç†) -v, --show-nonprinting 除了æ›è¡ŒåŠ TAB 字元外,使用 ^ åŠ M- 表示法顯示字元 -t, --tabs=LIST 用以逗號分隔的數字來指定 tab çš„ä½ç½® -u é…åˆ -lt:顯示存å–時間而且ä¾å­˜å–æ™‚é–“æŽ’åº é…åˆ -l:顯示存å–時間但根據åç¨±æŽ’åº å¦å‰‡ï¼šæ ¹æ“šå­˜å–æ™‚é–“æŽ’åº -U ä¸é€²è¡ŒæŽ’åºï¼›ä¾æª”案系統原有的次åºåˆ—出項目 -v æ ¹æ“šç‰ˆæœ¬é€²è¡ŒæŽ’åº -u, --update åªåœ¨ <來æº> 檔案比目的地檔案新, 或目的地檔案ä¸å­˜åœ¨æ™‚æ‰é€²è¡Œè¤‡è£½ -v, --verbose 詳細顯示進行的步驟 -x, --one-file-system ä¸æœƒè·¨è¶Šæª”案系統進行æ“作 -v, --starting-line-number=數字 æ¯é ç¬¬ä¸€è¡Œçš„行號 -w, --number-width=數字 以指定 <數字> 的字元作為顯示行數的寬度 -w, --check-chars=N æ¯è¡Œæ¯”較ä¸å¤šæ–¼ N 個字元 -x, --one-file-system ç•¥éŽå±¬æ–¼å…¶å®ƒæª”案系統的目錄 -X 檔案, --exclude-from=檔案 ç”± <檔案> 讀å–æ‡‰æŽ’é™¤çš„æª”æ¡ˆçš„æ¨£å¼ --exclude=æ¨£å¼ æŽ’é™¤ç¬¦åˆæŒ‡å®š <樣å¼> 的檔案 --max-depth=N åªé¡¯ç¤ºå¼•æ•¸æŒ‡å®šçš„目錄 N å±¤æˆ–ä»¥å…§çš„å‰¯ç›®éŒ„çš„ç¸½ç”¨é‡ (若使用 --all é¸é …,也會顯示檔案的佔用é‡)ï¼› --max-depth=0 的效果等於 --summarize -z, --zero-terminated 以ä½å…ƒçµ„ 0 è€Œéž newline 字元作為æ¯è¡Œçš„çµæŸå­—å…ƒ [:graph:] 所有å¯åˆ—å°çš„字元,ä¸åŒ…括空格 [:lower:] 所有å°å¯«è‹±æ–‡å­—æ¯ [:print:] 所有å¯åˆ—å°çš„字元,包括空格 [:punct:] 所有標點符號 [:space:] 所有水平或垂直的空白字元 [:upper:] æ‰€æœ‰å¤§å¯«è‹±æ–‡å­—æ¯ [:xdigit:] 所有å六進ä½æ•¸å­— [=CHAR=] 所有和 CHAR åŒç­‰çš„å­—å…ƒ \v 垂直定ä½å­—å…ƒ (vertical tab) å­—å…ƒ1-å­—å…ƒ2 ç”± <å­—å…ƒ1> 開始å‡åºæŽ’列至 <å­—å…ƒ2> [å­—å…ƒ*] 在 SET2 裡é‡è¦†åŠ ä¸Š <å­—å…ƒ>ï¼Œç›´è‡³ç¬¦åˆ SET1 的長度 [å­—å…ƒ*é‡è¦†æ¬¡æ•¸] é‡è¦†æŒ‡å®š <å­—å…ƒ>,如果 <é‡è¦†æ¬¡æ•¸> 的第一個字元是 0 則表示 <é‡è¦†æ¬¡æ•¸> 是八進ä½æ•¸å­— 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若有數字的備份檔已經存在則使用數字,å¦å‰‡ä½¿ç”¨æ™®é€šæ–¹å¼å‚™ä»½ simple, never æ°¸é ä½¿ç”¨æ™®é€šæ–¹å¼å‚™ä»½ notrunc ä¸æˆªæ–·è¼¸å‡ºæª” ucase å°‡å°å¯«å­—元轉æ›ç‚ºå¤§å¯« swab 交æ›æ¯ä¸€å°è¼¸å…¥è³‡æ–™ä½å…ƒçµ„ noerror 讀å–資料發生錯誤後ä»ç„¶ç¹¼çºŒ sync å°‡æ¯å€‹è¼¸å…¥è³‡æ–™å€æ®µä»¥ NUL 字元填滿至 ibs 的大å°ï¼› 當é…åˆ block 或 unblock 時,會以空格代替 NUL 字元填充 %4s-å€æ®µ 已用 å¯ç”¨ 已用%% (備份:%s) 掛載點 %% = 1%% 記憶體,b=1,K=1024 (é è¨­å€¼),還有 Mã€Gã€Tã€Pã€Eã€Zã€Y 如此類推。 如果沒有指定 <檔案> 或 <檔案> 是 -,則由標準輸入讀å–資料。 *** 警告 *** 和語系有關的環境變數會影響排åºçµæžœã€‚ 如果è¦ä»¥ä½å…ƒçµ„數值作為排列次åºï¼Œè«‹è¨­å®šç’°å¢ƒè®Šæ•¸ LC_ALL=C。 %Y-%m-%d %H:%M%c:在已éŽæ™‚çš„é¸é …中å«æœ‰ç„¡æ•ˆçš„後置字元%d:格å¼="%s" 寬度=%d %s (å°æ–¼æ­£è¦è¡¨ç¤ºå¼â€˜%s’)%s→%s (還原備份) %såŠ%s為åŒä¸€æª”案%s的所在è£ç½®æˆ– inode 改變了%s已存在但ä¸æ˜¯ç›®éŒ„%s的檔案類型ä¸è©³%s éŽé•·è®€å…¥äº† %s+%s 個å€æ®µ 輸出了 %s+%s 個å€æ®µ %s:%lu:該行的 %s 總和檢查值格å¼ä¸æ­£ç¢º%s:%séŽå¤§ï¼Œå› æ­¤ç„¡æ³•è¡¨ç¤º%s: %s:%s:次åºä¸æ­£ç¢ºï¼š%s:開啟或讀å–時發生錯誤 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<內部資料>é•·é¸é …必須用的åƒæ•¸åœ¨ä½¿ç”¨çŸ­é¸é …時也是必須的。 警告:請注æ„使用 shred 時有一個很é‡è¦çš„æ¢ä»¶ï¼š 檔案系統會在原來的ä½ç½®è¦†å¯«æŒ‡å®šçš„資料。傳統的檔案系統符åˆæ­¤æ¢ä»¶ï¼Œä½†è¨±å¤šç¾ä»£ 的檔案系統都ä¸ç¬¦åˆæ¢ä»¶ã€‚以下是會令 shred 無效的檔案系統的例å­ï¼š é€éŽèª¿ç”¨ link 函å¼ï¼Œå»ºç«‹é€£è‡³ <檔案1> çš„éˆçµï¼Œéˆçµå稱為 <檔案2>。 é€éŽèª¿ç”¨ unlink 函å¼ä¾†ç§»é™¤æŒ‡å®šçš„ <檔案>。 ä¸èƒ½åŒæ™‚指定橫å‘列å°èˆ‡ä¸¦æŽ’列å°ã€‚並排列å°æ™‚ä¸èƒ½åŒæ™‚指定欄ä½æ•¸ç›®ã€‚將由 <檔案> 或標準輸入讀å–的資料連çµèµ·ä¾†ï¼Œä¸¦åœ¨æ¨™æº–輸出顯示çµæžœã€‚ -A, --show-all 等於 -vET -b, --number-nonblank 輸出時在éžç©ºç™½è¡ŒåŠ ä¸Šè¡Œè™Ÿ -e 等於 -vE -E, --show-ends 在æ¯ä¸€è¡Œæœ€å¾Œé¡¯ç¤º $ 記號 -n, --number 輸出時加上行號 -s, --squeeze-blank ä¸é€£çºŒè¼¸å‡ºè¶…éŽä¸€è¡Œç©ºè¡Œ å°‡æ¯å€‹ <檔案> 中的空格轉æ›ç‚º tab,並在標準輸出顯示çµæžœã€‚ 如果沒有指定 <檔案> 或 <檔案> 是 -,則由標準輸入讀å–資料。 å°‡æ¯å€‹ <檔案> 中的 tab 轉æ›ç‚ºç©ºæ ¼ï¼Œä¸¦åœ¨æ¨™æº–輸出顯示。 如果沒有指定 <檔案> 或 <檔案> 是 -,則由標準輸入讀å–資料。 å°‡ <來æº> 檔案複製至 <目的地>,或將多個 <檔案> 複製至指定 <目錄>。 複製檔案,並根據以下的é¸é …將資料轉æ›å’Œæ ¼å¼åŒ–。 bs=ä½å…ƒçµ„ å¼·è¿« ibs=<ä½å…ƒçµ„> åŠ obs=<ä½å…ƒçµ„> cbs=ä½å…ƒçµ„ æ¯æ¬¡è½‰æ›æŒ‡å®šçš„ <ä½å…ƒçµ„> conv=é—œéµå­— 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super block。 在最åˆå…©ç¨®æ ¼å¼ä¸­ï¼Œæœƒå°‡ <來æº> 複製至 <目的地> 或將多個 <來æº> 複製至已存在的 <目錄>,åŒæ™‚設定權é™æ¨¡å¼åŠæ“有者/所屬群組。 在第三種格å¼ä¸­ï¼Œæœƒå»ºç«‹æ‰€æœ‰æŒ‡å®šçš„目錄åŠå®ƒå€‘的所有上層目錄。 列出 <檔案> 的資訊 (é è¨­ç‚ºç›®å‰çš„目錄)。 如果ä¸æŒ‡å®š -cftuSUX 或 --sort 任何一個é¸é …,則根據字æ¯å¤§å°æŽ’åºã€‚ é•·é¸é …必須用的引數在使用短é¸é …時也是必須的。 正確其它é¸é …: -c, --check åªæª¢æŸ¥è¼¸å…¥è³‡æ–™æ˜¯å¦æŽ’列好,ä¸æœƒçœŸæ­£å°‡è³‡æ–™æŽ’åº -k, --key=ä½ç½®1[,ä½ç½®2] 排åºç´¢å¼•ç”± <ä½ç½®1> 的欄ä½é–‹å§‹ï¼Œåœ¨ <ä½ç½®2> çš„ 欄ä½çµæŸ (1 表示第一個欄ä½) -m, --merge åªåˆä½µå·²ç¶“排åºçš„檔案;ä¸åˆ†åˆ¥æŽ’列æ¯å€‹æª”案的內容 -o, --output=FILE å°‡çµæžœå¯«å…¥ <檔案> 而並éžåœ¨æ¨™æº–輸出顯示 -s, --stable ä¸é€²è¡Œæœ€å¾Œçš„æ•´è¡Œæ¯”è¼ƒæŽ’åº -S, --buffer-size=å¤§å° æŒ‡å®šè¨˜æ†¶ç·©è¡å€çš„ <大å°> 顯示輸入檔中所有字詞排列後的索引,並包括該字詞å‰å¾Œçš„文字。 輸出用來設定 LS_COLORS 環境變數的指令。 指定輸出的è¦æ ¼ï¼š -b, --sh, --bourne-shell 輸出設定 LS_COLORS çš„ Bourne shell 指令 -c, --csh, --c-shell 輸出設定 LS_COLORS çš„ C shell 指令 -p, --print-database 輸出é è¨­çš„色彩設定 輸出檔的後置字串已用盡將 <輸入> 資料分割為固定大å°çš„部份,並將çµæžœå¯«å…¥â€˜<å‰ç½®å­—串>aa’〠‘<å‰ç½®å­—串>ab’等等;é è¨­çš„ <å‰ç½®å­—串> 為‘x’。如果沒有指定 <輸入> 或 <輸入> 是 -,則由標準輸入讀入資料。 根據 <樣å¼> 分割 <檔案>,並將之輸出至‘xx01’ã€â€˜xx02’等等的檔案, åŒæ™‚在標準輸出顯示æ¯å€‹åˆ†å‰²éƒ¨ä»½çš„ä½å…ƒçµ„數目。 é‡è¤‡è¦†å¯« <檔案>,使得å³ä½¿æ˜¯æ˜‚貴的硬件åµæ¸¬å„€å™¨ä¹Ÿé›£ä»¥å°‡è³‡æ–™å¾©åŽŸã€‚ 第 %d é å°‡ <檔案> 分é æˆ–分欄以便列å°ã€‚ å°å‡ºæ¯å€‹ <檔案> çš„ CRC 總和檢查值åŠä½å…ƒçµ„總數。 å°å‡ºæ¯å€‹ <檔案> 的總和檢查值åŠå€å¡Šæ•¸ç›®ã€‚ -r 令 -s é¸é …無效,使用 BSD 的演算法,用 1K çš„å€å¡Šå¤§å° -s, --sysv 使用 System V 的演算法,用 512 個ä½å…ƒçµ„çš„å€å¡Šå¤§å° 在標準輸出中顯示æ¯å€‹ <檔案> æ¯ä¸€è¡Œä¸­æŒ‡å®šçš„部份。 在標準輸出顯示æ¯å€‹ <檔案> 的最後 %d 行。 當指定多於一個 <檔案> 時,會先å°å‡ºè¡¨ç¤ºæ¯å€‹æª”案å稱的標頭。 如果沒有指定 <檔案> 或 <檔案> 是 -,則由標準輸入讀å–資料。 é‡æ–°ç·¨æŽ’ <檔案> 中的æ¯ä¸€æ®µæ–‡å­—,並在標準輸出顯示çµæžœã€‚ 如果沒有指定 <檔案> 或 <檔案> 是‘-’,則由標準輸入讀å–資料。 如果 <目錄> 沒有資料則移除該目錄。 --ignore-fail-on-non-empty 忽略任何因目錄ä»æœ‰è³‡æ–™è€Œé€ æˆçš„錯誤 å°‡ <來æº> å稱更改為 <目的地> å稱,或將 <來æº> 檔案移動至 <目錄>。 請設定 LC_ALL='C' é¿å…å•é¡Œå‡ºç¾ã€‚顯示æ¯å€‹ <檔案> 所在的檔案系統的資訊,é è¨­æ˜¯é¡¯ç¤ºæ‰€æœ‰æª”案系統。 總çµæ¯å€‹ <檔案> çš„ç£ç¢Ÿç”¨é‡ï¼Œç›®éŒ„則å–總用é‡ã€‚ 備份檔的後置字串為‘~’,除éžä»¥ --suffix é¸é …或是 SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX 環境變數指定。版本控制的方å¼å¯é€éŽ --backup é¸é …或 VERSION_CONTROL 環境 變數來é¸æ“‡ã€‚以下是å¯ç”¨çš„變數值: 以下的兩個é¸é …åªåœ¨é©—證總和檢查值時有用: --status ä¸é¡¯ç¤ºä»»ä½•çµæžœï¼Œåªç”¨å›žå‚³å€¼è¡¨ç¤ºæ˜¯å¦æˆåŠŸ -w, --warn å°æ–¼æ¯ä¸€è¡Œå«æœ‰ä¸æ­£ç¢ºæ ¼å¼çš„總和檢查值都顯示警告 è¦æ¯”較的字串為%såŠ%s。如果 確實è¦æª¢æŸ¥æª”案å稱而ä¸æ˜¯æª”案æè¿°å­æ™‚ (例如備份紀錄檔時),這種é è¨­çš„è™•ç† æ–¹å¼ä¸¦ä¸é©ç”¨ã€‚在這情æ³ä¸‹æ‡‰ä½¿ç”¨ --follow=name。這樣會令 tail 檢查指定å稱 的檔案,方法是é‡è¦†åœ°é–‹å•Ÿæª”案,看看它是å¦å·²è¢«ç§»é™¤å’Œå…¶å®ƒç¨‹å¼æœƒå¦å†ç”¢ç”Ÿè©² 檔案。 這是自由軟體;請åƒè€ƒåŽŸå§‹ç¢¼çš„版權è²æ˜Žã€‚本軟體ä¸æ供任何ä¿è­‰ï¼Œç”šè‡³ä¸æœƒåŒ…括 å¯å”®æ€§æˆ–é©ç”¨æ–¼ä»»ä½•ç‰¹å®šç›®çš„çš„ä¿è­‰ã€‚ 發佈本軟體是希望它會有用,但ä¸æœƒæ供任何ä¿è­‰ï¼Œç”šè‡³ä¸æœƒåŒ…括å¯å”®æ€§æˆ– é©ç”¨æ–¼ä»»ä½•ç‰¹å®šç›®çš„çš„ä¿è­‰ã€‚詳情請åƒè€ƒ GNU General Public License。 本程å¼æ˜¯è‡ªç”±è»Ÿé«”;你å¯ä»¥æ ¹æ“š Free Software Foundation 所公佈的 GNU General Public License 第二版或(自由é¸æ“‡)較新的版本中的æ¢æ¬¾åŽ»é‡æ–° 散佈åŠ/或修改本軟體。 從標準輸入讀å–資料,將字元置æ›ã€å£“縮ã€åˆªé™¤å¾Œï¼Œåœ¨æ¨™æº–輸出顯示çµæžœã€‚ -c, --complement 以所有ä¸å±¬æ–¼ SET1 çš„å­—å…ƒ (SET1 的餘集) å–代 SET1 -d, --delete 刪除所有 SET1 裡的字元,ä¸é€²è¡Œç½®æ› -s, --squeeze-repeats å°æ–¼ä»»ä½•åœ¨ SET1 中列出的字元,如果該字元在輸入資料 中連續é‡è¤‡å‡ºç¾ï¼Œå‰‡å°‡è©²æ®µå­—元刪除至åªå‰©ä¸€å€‹ -t, --truncate-set1 先將 SET1 的長度截至跟 SET2 一樣 請嘗試執行‘%s --help’來ç²å–更多資訊。 ä¸æ˜Žçš„系統錯誤將æ¯å€‹ <檔案> çš„å­˜å–åŠä¿®æ”¹æ™‚間都更新為目å‰çš„時間。 用法:%s [-數字] [é¸é …]... 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